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Status guide: First Reading Second Reading Committee Royal Assent Died on Order Paper

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What do these terms mean?

First Reading

The bill is formally introduced in the House or Senate. No debate yet — just a statement of what it does.

Second Reading

The full chamber debates the bill's principles. If it passes a vote, it moves to committee for detailed study.

Committee

A parliamentary committee studies the bill in detail, hears expert witnesses, and may propose amendments.

Third Reading

The chamber votes on the final version of the bill. If it passes, it moves to the other chamber (House or Senate).

Royal Assent

The Governor General formally approves the bill, making it law. Some provisions may still require regulations before they take effect.

Died on Order Paper

The bill did not complete the legislative process before Parliament dissolved or prorogued (took a break). The bill must be reintroduced to continue.